Using higher sample depth allows for greater precision in sample values, or allows for capturing a wider color gamut. Chroma sampling rate refers to sampling rate of the chroma channels of video relative to the luma channel.Įach picture element (“pixel”) of a video picture includes one or more samples, and each sample is digitally represented with one or more bits. Aside from YUV and YCbCr, many other color spaces organize video in a luma channel and chroma channels. Y indicates the brightness (luma) channel of the video, while U and V, or Cb and Cr, indicate color (chroma) channels of the video. In video encoding and decoding applications, common color spaces include YUV and YCbCr. Typically, quality and bit rate vary directly for spatial resolution (e.g., detail in a picture) and temporal resolution (e.g., number of pictures per second), with higher resolution resulting in higher quality and higher bit rate. Attributes of video format can include color space, chroma sampling rate, sample depth, spatial resolution and temporal resolution. Video information is organized according to different formats for different devices and applications. Aside from this basic quality/bit rate tradeoff, the bit rate of the video depends on the content (e.g., complexity) of the video and the format of the video. By selectively removing detail in the video, the encoder makes the video simpler and easier to compress, but the compressed video is less faithful to the original video.
When it converts video to a lower bit rate form, a video encoder can decrease the quality of the compressed video to reduce bit rate. Decompression (also called decoding) reconstructs a version of the original video from the compressed form. Compression decreases the cost of storing and transmitting video by converting the video into a lower bit rate form. Engineers use compression (also called coding or encoding) to reduce the bit rate of digital video.
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